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💷 PUBLIC SPENDING

Everything Else

More than a quarter of all UK government spending — £348.9bn — sits in a single "everything else" category on our overview, because it's the residual left over once Health, Pensions, Welfare, Education, Debt interest, and Defence are all accounted for. That makes it the least transparent line on the chart by construction, even though it's the single largest category. Here's what's actually inside it.

£348.9bn
Total, "everything else" category
26.4%
Share of all UK government spending
#1
Largest single category on the chart

How this actually works

This category is a residual, not a directly-reported PESA figure — it's what's left of total UK government spending (£1,323.8bn) once the six other named categories on our overview are subtracted out. HM Treasury's own PESA framework actually reports several distinct spending functions that fall inside this bucket, each with its own real budget: transport, housing and community amenities, public order and safety (policing, courts, prisons), recreation, culture and religion, environmental protection, and general public services (the cost of running government itself, including tax collection and international relations not already counted under Defence). We show it as one line because breaking all six out individually on the main overview chart would clutter it — but that trade-off means the single biggest category on the page is also the hardest one to actually understand at a glance.

£348.9bn
Total, "everything else" category
26.4%
Share of all UK government spending
#1
Largest single category on the chart
6
Named PESA functions this bundles together

What's actually in this category

Transport
Roads, rail subsidies, bus funding (including schemes like the £2 fare cap), and transport infrastructure investment.
Housing & community amenities
Social housing investment, homelessness support, water and waste management, and community development funding.
Public order & safety
Policing, courts, prisons, and the justice system — a genuinely large and often politically contentious slice of this catch-all.
Recreation, culture & religion
Arts funding, sports, museums, libraries, and broadcasting-adjacent spending.
Environmental protection
Waste management, pollution reduction, biodiversity, and climate adaptation spending outside of Energy Security and Net Zero's own departmental budget.
General public services
The cost of running government itself — tax collection, international relations, foreign aid not already counted under Defence, and central administrative costs.

The controversy

Because this category is defined as whatever's left over, its size can shift for reasons that have nothing to do with any of the six areas actually inside it — if the Health or Pensions figures are revised, the residual absorbs the difference even though nothing about transport or policing spending changed. This is worth bearing in mind whenever the size of "everything else" is cited in isolation: it's a useful summary number, but it's the least direct of any figure on this page, and genuinely large policy stories (a change to policing budgets, a transport funding row) can be hiding inside a total that barely moves.

Figures sourced from HM Treasury, the OBR, DWP, IFS, and House of Commons Library publications, cross-checked against the headline figures on our Where the Money Goes overview. Different official sources sometimes report different totals for the same category because they measure genuinely different things — where that happens, we've explained why rather than picking one number and hiding the rest.